This article is a travel topic.

There are several ways to get cheap airline travel in North America: choose routes where the fares are cheapest; choose times when the routes are cheapest; shopping around; and flying on budget airlines.

How to book, when to fly

• Booking in advance often gets you a lower fare. The cheapest fares are likely to be unavailable in the last three or four weeks before a flight.
• You can often get cheaper airline tickets by shopping online than by using a travel agent. Some airlines even allow you to pick your seat when booking, and many offer web-only discounts.
• Cheaper fares can often be had for trips that depart between Monday noon and Thursday noon, or on Saturdays. However, spending at least Saturday night at your destination may also help you find a lower fare. This policy, begun by airlines trying to profit from business travelers, is becoming less common. Monday, Friday, and summer Saturday flights tend to be crowded. Check a variety of dates if your travel plans are flexible.
• Some people with very flexible schedules (and a lot of patience) save money by consistently choosing crowded flights, which the airlines often overbook. When the gate agent asks for volunteers for a later flight, these travelers pick up travel vouchers for a subsequent flight in exchange for being "bumped" from the flight.
• Certain periods around holidays are more expensive and crowded than normal for all forms of commercial travel and accommodation. In the U.S., this includes: the Wednesday before Thanksgiving, the four days before Christmas, the first working days after New Year's. The holidays themselves and "shadow" days (like December 26) are often very light. Also watch out for Memorial Day weekend, college Spring Break season in March and April, and seasonal destinations (beaches in the local summer, ski areas when there's snow, New England and Canada when there are fall leaves to see, college towns when there are graduations happening, Las Vegas on weekends and Valentine's Day).
• High-traffic routes between major cities are often considerably cheaper than flights to smaller cities. Consider taking public transit or renting a car for the remainder of your journey. High-traffic routes also allow you more choice of departure time and flexibility in case of missed or canceled flights.
• Check the flights for all the airports near your destination city. In Chicago, consider flights into Midway Airport as well as O'Hare. In San Francisco, take a look at flights to Oakland and San Jose as well. Discount carriers often fly to these alternate airports, which may actually be closer to your final destination.
• Buying a round-trip ticket is usually cheaper than buying two one-way tickets, which usually involves using the same two airports for both leaving and returning. But sometimes this is not true. Use a sophisticated cost-comparison site like Orbitz to check.
• Sometimes buying a round-trip ticket is cheaper than buying a one-way ticket, even if you are only going in one direction. But some airlines have instituted a "missed flight" fee to prevent people from doing this. Be sure to check before attempting this.
• If you're flying from one coast to the other, consider a "red-eye" flight that leaves around 11:00PM and arrives in the morning on the other coast. These flights are often cheaper, and you spend one less night in a hotel.
• Avoid booking the last flight of the day in case you miss your scheduled flight or it is delayed or canceled due to weather or technical problems (neither are uncommon). Airlines do not provide lodging for delays caused by weather or other factors outside their control.

Discount airlines in North America

Many discount airlines do not list their fares with price comparison sites or with travel agents. Check their web sites individually for great deals. Discount airlines sometimes have special procedures or restrictions, and may be less willing to allow you to change to a different flight or to give you a refund. Be sure you understand all special terms before booking. Discount airlines are constantly expanding the list of airports they service; check their official sites for details.

Most commonly not listed:

• JetBlue - All flights have DirecTV and wide leather seating for every passenger. Many flights are non-stop. Hubbed in JFK, but with focus cities such as Long Beach (Los Angeles, but different, smaller, and south of LAX)
• Southwest Airlines - No reserved seats. Boarding priority depends on how early you check in at the airport. Not limited to the Southwestern US. Newly expanded in Philadelphia. New partnership with ATA at midway airport (Chicago).

Other discount airlines:

• AirTran Airways - Merged with the infamous ValuJet and obtained a new fleet of Boeing aircraft featuring XM satellite radio. Hub in Atlanta, but operates some direct flights between regional airports and major cities.
• America West hubbed in Phoenix, but with transcon nonstops between New York and Boston and Los Angeles and San Francisco. It has now merged with legacy carrier US Airways.
• American Trans Air (ATA)
• Frontier Airlines based in Denver and features DirecTV like jetBlue.
• Gulfstream International Air - Florida and the Bahamas.
• Spirit Airlines Hubs in Fort Lauderdale, Florida and Detroit, Michigan.
• Sun Country Airlines Hub in Minneapolis/St. Paul, MN
• Song - A subsidiary of Delta that will eventually become part of Delta again.
• TED - A subsidiary of United Airlines.
• WestJet Airlines - Many Canadian destinations and some service to US.
• Zoom Airlines - Transatlantic discount airline linking major Canadian cities to the UK and France.

Special deals

• Many airlines offer student and senior citizen discounts, and have low or free fares for young children.
• Most airlines will give you a discounted fare if you must fly on short notice because of a family emergency, such as a death or sudden illness. Call ahead or speak to an agent; this is not possible to arrange online.
• Some areas of the United States have special flight and accommodation deals(like Hawaii and Alaska). Most of the larger online travel sites have discounted Hawaii travel but the best deals can be found on travel agencies that specialize in Hawaii as a destination - like Great Hawaii Vacations [1] 800-688-2254. Some larger agencies like Expedia [2] and Travelocity [3] also have the volume purchases to create special pricing.

These programs are being phased out, and no longer make much sense anyway because the fare structures have changed so much. Full Y fares have come down so much, and most of the time, you are no longer restricted to full Y anyway, even when purchasing an hour before. An article has been written about this in one of the major newspapers.

• Military and airline personnel are usually eligible for cheap or free travel on their respective aircraft.

Sales and limited-time offers

Many of the airlines and price comparison sites listed above show special offers on their homepages. Also see:

• Travelzoo
• TravelOffers.ca
• Cheapflights.com News - Latest deals and flights information.
• cheaptickets.com - Click on the navigation tabs for Deals and Last Minute Trips.
• overstock.com - Click on the navigation tab for Travel.
• LastMinute.com
• PickYourCity.com - Click on the navigation tabs for Deals and Last Minute Packages.

Arriving at the airport

• Arrive to the airport on time (an hour or two before takeoff, as recommended by your airline) and check in right away. If the flight is overbooked, you don't want to be bumped. (You may want to be bumped if they offer a free ticket or a coupon worth money toward your next flight, but you still need to be checked in and at the gate and available to speak with the gate agent.)
• Many airlines have a certain time at which they will no longer check in passengers, because it will take too long for them to get through security, perhaps up to 30 minutes before takeoff. If you are lucky, you will get booked on the next flight for free, but don't count on it. Check with your airline if you might be delayed or if you are habitually late.
• Even if you check in for your flight "on time", your airline has no obligation to get you through security and onto your flight. If the airport is crowded, your flight may depart "on time" while you are in the security line. This is uncommon, but it happens. Most likely you will be offered a standby seat on the next flight, but no apology from the airline.
• If there is space available, some airlines do allow you to take an earlier flight if you happen to arrive early. This might be for free, a small fee, or a large fee. But it can't hurt to ask. Have your airline's reservation number handy, as you can usually make these arrangements on the phone.